Monday, January 7, 2013

Atrial Fibrillation


WHAT IS ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (A-FIB)??



          *It is the most common type of arrhythmia.
          *This type of arrhythmia occurs if rapid disorganized electrical signals cause the hearts upper chambers (atrium) to fibrillate.
*Fibrillate means to contract very fast and irregularly. 
*During this type of heart rhythm, blood stays pooled in the atria and isn't completely pumped into the ventricles because the two chambers are not working together like they should. 


                                        Which patients are at Risk??

Patients who have high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, heart failure, rheumatic heart disease, mitral valve prolapse, pericarditis, congenital heart defects, or those with recent heart attacks.







Signs/Symptoms



Palpitations
Shortness of Breath
Weakness/Trouble Exercising
Chest Pain
Dizziness/Fainting
Fatigue
Confusion





Diagnosis

This can be diagnosed based on your medical and family history, physical exam, and through tests and procedures.  An electrocardiogram can be done to test for A-Fib because sometimes you don't have any signs or symptoms.  When diagnosed with A-Fib it is important to start seeing a cardiologist to receive care specialized in this area.




Treatment

*Blood thinning medications are prescribed to reduce the risk for a clot forming and preventing a stroke.
*Medication such as metoprolol, diltiazem, or digoxin are prescribed to control the rate at which your heart is beating.
*Cardioversion- this treatment is used to try and shock the patient out of the arrhythmia and back to their normal heart rhythm. 



THIS IS WHAT CARDIOVERSION LOOKS LIKE...CHECK IT OUT!!!!




Two Major Complications of A-Fib

Stroke-The blood is not being accurately pumped through the body it starts to pool in the atria.  That blood begins to clot because it is not moving.  Once the clots have formed, the heart may accidentally pump that clot throughout the body which could cause it to lodge in the brain, causing a stroke.

Heart Failure-This occurs because the body is not able to pump enough blood to meets the body's needs.  The ventricles are beating so fast they are not able to properly fill with enough blood to pump it to the lungs and body.



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