This week I want to talk about PERICARDIAL TAMPONADE. While this diagnosis is not very common, it is life threatening which needs an IMMEDIATE INTERVENTION.
Pericardial Tamponade: When blood or fluid collects in the pericardium, which is the sac that surrounds the heart. This fluid prevents the heart ventricles from expanding fully. The excess pressure from the fluid prevents the heart from functioning normally. As a result, the body does not get enough blood/oxygen.
Causes
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| Stab Wound |
Penetrating chest wounds such as a stab wound or gun shot wound
Heart attack (MI)
Heart Surgery
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| EKG of a patient with a Cardiac Tamponade |
Signs/Symptoms
Tachycardia
Difficulty Breathing
Distended Neck Veins
Anxiety/Restlessness
Weak Peripheral Pulses
| Chest Xray of a Cardiac Tamponade |
Tests
Chest X-ray
Chest CT
Echocardiogram
Treatment
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| Pericardial Window |
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| Pericardiocentesis |
The fluid around your heart needs to be drained as quickly as possible.
This is done by a:
pericardiocentesis- uses a needle to remove the fluid from the pericardial sac
Pericardial Window- surgical procedure which produces a window to help drain the fluid
Fluids- given to help normalize the blood pressure and heart rate
Oxygen- given to reduce the oxygen demand of the heart
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